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A Handbook of Biology

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Utricle & Saccule have a projecting ridge called macula.

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Crista and Macula are specific receptors in vestibular apparatus. They

contain sensory hair cells. They are responsible equilibrium & posture of body.

MËÇHÅÑÏSM ØF HËÅRÏÑG

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Pinna collects sound waves ® waves pass through ear ® relayed to

the tympanic membrane ® tympanic membrane vibrates ® vibrations

transmit to ear ossicles & oval window ® perilymph in the vestibular

canal vibrates ® vibrations reach the scala tympani and force the

basilar membrane to vibrate ® hair endings of sensory hair cells press

against tectorial membrane ® sensory hair cells are excited ® auditory

nerve carries impulses to auditory centre of the brain ® Hearing.

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01

Organ of smell (olfaction).

Bowman’s gland are the mucus glands that are

found below the olfactory membrane which

secretes mucus.

02

It contains mucus-coated receptors (olfactory

receptors) made up of olfactory epithelium. They

receive sense of smell. It contains 3 kinds of cells.

03

The neurons of olfactory epithelium extend from the

outside environment directly into a pair of broad

bean-sized organs, called olfactory bulb.

04

These are extensions of the brain’s limbic system.

05